{"paper":{"title":"Regime transitions in thermally driven high-Rayleigh number vertical convection","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Detlef Lohse, Hao-Ran Liu, Olga Shishkina, Qi Wang, Roberto Verzicco","submitted_at":"2020-11-30T14:06:58Z","abstract_excerpt":"Vertical convection is investigated using direct numerical simulations over a wide range of Rayleigh numbers $10^7\\le Ra\\le10^{14}$ with fixed Prandtl number $Pr=10$, in a two-dimensional convection cell with unit aspect ratio. It is found that the dependence of the mean vertical centre temperature gradient $S$ on $Ra$ shows three different regimes: In regime I ($Ra \\lesssim 5\\times10^{10}$), $S$ is almost independent of $Ra$; In the newly identified regime II ($5\\times10^{10} \\lesssim Ra \\lesssim 10^{13}$), $S$ first increases with increasing $Ra$ (regime ${\\rm{II}}_a$), reaches its maximum a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.14810","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.14810/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}