{"paper":{"title":"Source-independent quantum key distribution without pre-sending entanglement","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"A source-independent QKD protocol removes all source-side attacks without pre-sending entanglement and doubles transmission distance using non-classical light.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Hua-Lei Yin, Rong-Zheng Liu","submitted_at":"2026-04-30T16:35:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Quantum key distribution (QKD) theoretically offers information-theoretic security. The prevailing approach is the prepare-and-measure BB84 protocol, which implements QKD using conventional laser rather than single-photon source via the decoy-state method. However, side-channel attacks targeting sources severely threaten system security. Despite extensive efforts, including fully passive scheme, this vulnerability persists even with perfect single-photon source. Here, we propose a source-independent (SI) QKD protocol that resolves all known and unknown source-side attacks without pre-sending e"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"we propose a source-independent (SI) QKD protocol that resolves all known and unknown source-side attacks without pre-sending entanglement source. [...] simultaneously doubles the transmission distance while remaining robustness against imperfection of source. Theoretical analysis shows that non-classical light source provides practical security advantages unattainable with conventional laser.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The protocol assumes that its theoretical security analysis fully covers all possible source attacks in practice and that non-classical sources can be integrated without introducing new vulnerabilities; this assumption is stated in the abstract but lacks the detailed protocol description or proof steps needed to verify it.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A source-independent QKD protocol without pre-sending entanglement resolves all source attacks, doubles secure distance, and gains advantages from non-classical light sources.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A source-independent QKD protocol removes all source-side attacks without pre-sending entanglement and doubles transmission distance using non-classical light.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"ce741e85c303cc8aacd6b7a4011a68ef9ed7430d474a86291f3763fbf58222f8"},"source":{"id":"2604.28089","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"4b71f298-f6a6-4d9c-895f-8d7b0e25a39c","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-07T05:19:53.716038Z","strongest_claim":"we propose a source-independent (SI) QKD protocol that resolves all known and unknown source-side attacks without pre-sending entanglement source. [...] simultaneously doubles the transmission distance while remaining robustness against imperfection of source. Theoretical analysis shows that non-classical light source provides practical security advantages unattainable with conventional laser.","one_line_summary":"A source-independent QKD protocol without pre-sending entanglement resolves all source attacks, doubles secure distance, and gains advantages from non-classical light sources.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The protocol assumes that its theoretical security analysis fully covers all possible source attacks in practice and that non-classical sources can be integrated without introducing new vulnerabilities; this assumption is stated in the abstract but lacks the detailed protocol description or proof steps needed to verify it.","pith_extraction_headline":"A source-independent QKD protocol removes all source-side attacks without pre-sending entanglement and doubles transmission distance using non-classical light."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.28089/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:37:48.974435Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"22fff45be82b0617d3162ebab3d17186f5d64f2e17a552084244f99c6bfc9171"},"references":{"count":74,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"The sequences of states from two sources are synchronized and injected into two input ports,candd, of the polarizing beam splitter (PBS). The interference progress can be expressed as |+⟩c |+⟩d PBS − ","work_id":"","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2014,"title":"H.-K. Lo, M. Curty and K. Tamaki, Secure quantum key distribution, Nat. Photon.8, 595 (2014)","work_id":"","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2016,"title":"Yinet al., Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution Over a 404 km Optical Fiber, Phys","work_id":"","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2008,"title":"Y. Zhao, C.-H. F. Fung, B. Qi, C. Chen and H.-K. Lo, Quantum hacking: Experimental demonstration of time- shift attack against practical quantum-key-distribution systems, Phys. Rev. A78, 042333 (2008)","work_id":"","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2010,"title":"Lydersenet al., Hacking commercial quantum cryp- tography systems by tailored bright illumination, Nat","work_id":"","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"993520b067bcf395ca12303d3dbfbfca5bda8a72d145d63e9aedc0aa3d9262bd","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}