{"paper":{"title":"TeV Gamma-Rays from the Low-Luminosity Active Galactic Nucleus NGC 4278: Implications for the Diffuse Neutrino Background","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Lepto-hadronic winds in low-luminosity AGN can explain the PeV diffuse neutrino background once the local density is corrected for a TeV duty cycle of order 10^{-5}.","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Chengchao Yuan, Ruo-Yu Liu","submitted_at":"2026-01-29T08:50:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work investigates the origin of the TeV emission detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) from NGC~4278, a galaxy hosting a low-luminosity active galactic nucleus (LLAGN). Considering two plausible scenarios, AGN jets and winds, we model the X-ray, GeV, and TeV emission during both TeV-low (quasi-quiet) and TeV-high (active) states. The spectral energy distributions can be explained either by single-zone leptonic emission from moderately relativistic jets or by lepto-hadronic emission from sub-relativistic winds. The best-fit parameters suggest that the transiti"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"a lepto-hadronic wind scenario can account for the PeV diffuse neutrino background when adopting a local LLAGN density (n_L,0) corrected for the TeV duty cycle (ΔT_TeV/T) ~ 10^{-5} Mpc^{-3}, as inferred from the LHAASO detection.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the observed TeV emission is produced by lepto-hadronic processes in sub-relativistic winds rather than leptonic jets, and that the single-source LHAASO detection can be used to infer a population-wide duty-cycle-corrected density that directly scales to the diffuse neutrino background.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Lepto-hadronic winds in LLAGNs like NGC 4278 can account for the PeV diffuse neutrino background with a duty-cycle-corrected local density of ~10^{-5} Mpc^{-3} inferred from LHAASO data.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Lepto-hadronic winds in low-luminosity AGN can explain the PeV diffuse neutrino background once the local density is corrected for a TeV duty cycle of order 10^{-5}.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"210c24ece2a52be9cd28f6603cbda46bc96b0dcaf0bb01e71d52cbed413b4372"},"source":{"id":"2601.21411","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"e53f748f-4806-49ef-af6a-7e4e782e25a2","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-16T10:07:16.184215Z","strongest_claim":"a lepto-hadronic wind scenario can account for the PeV diffuse neutrino background when adopting a local LLAGN density (n_L,0) corrected for the TeV duty cycle (ΔT_TeV/T) ~ 10^{-5} Mpc^{-3}, as inferred from the LHAASO detection.","one_line_summary":"Lepto-hadronic winds in LLAGNs like NGC 4278 can account for the PeV diffuse neutrino background with a duty-cycle-corrected local density of ~10^{-5} Mpc^{-3} inferred from LHAASO data.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the observed TeV emission is produced by lepto-hadronic processes in sub-relativistic winds rather than leptonic jets, and that the single-source LHAASO detection can be used to infer a population-wide duty-cycle-corrected density that directly scales to the diffuse neutrino background.","pith_extraction_headline":"Lepto-hadronic winds in low-luminosity AGN can explain the PeV diffuse neutrino background once the local density is corrected for a TeV duty cycle of order 10^{-5}."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2601.21411/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"6cafee1b1f1455f663fbb53df605ced141063d07c191d59f6aac64468b0929e0"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}