{"paper":{"title":"Modified Gravity and Cosmology","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Modified gravity theories alter cosmic expansion and structure growth in testable ways.","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Antonio Padilla, Constantinos Skordis, Pedro G. Ferreira, Timothy Clifton","submitted_at":"2011-06-13T16:06:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this review we present a thoroughly comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences. Amongst other things, we cover General Relativity, Scalar-Tensor, Einstein-Aether, and Bimetric theories, as well as TeVeS, f(R), general higher-order theories, Horava-Lifschitz gravity, Galileons, Ghost Condensates, and models of extra dimensions including Kaluza-Klein, Randall-Sundrum, DGP, and higher co-dimension braneworlds. We also review attempts to construct a Parameterised Post-Friedmannian formalism, that can be used to constrain deviations fr"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"In this review we present a thoroughly comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the chosen theories, references, and formalism represent the field without major omissions or selection bias in the literature covered.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A comprehensive review of modified gravity theories and their cosmological consequences, including a parameterized post-Friedmannian formalism for constraining deviations from General Relativity.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Modified gravity theories alter cosmic expansion and structure growth in testable ways.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"5d1e64ce5c45f66914304cb5f317ae47c09ca3e40fbd178562207f6ebaf67e29"},"source":{"id":"1106.2476","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"e98c2262-2837-4f45-bde8-0d1480b3d824","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-13T13:04:19.392323Z","strongest_claim":"In this review we present a thoroughly comprehensive survey of recent work on modified theories of gravity and their cosmological consequences.","one_line_summary":"A comprehensive review of modified gravity theories and their cosmological consequences, including a parameterized post-Friedmannian formalism for constraining deviations from General Relativity.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the chosen theories, references, and formalism represent the field without major omissions or selection bias in the literature covered.","pith_extraction_headline":"Modified gravity theories alter cosmic expansion and structure growth in testable ways."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1106.2476/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":299,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1984,"title":"R. 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