{"paper":{"title":"Design, construction, and testing of the PandaX-xT cryogenics system","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"The PandaX-xT cryogenics system with two cooling towers delivers about 1900 W at 178 K and keeps xenon pressure stable within 1 kPa for a month in a one-tonne prototype.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Jianglai Liu, Li Zhao, Shuaijie Li, Xiang Xiao, Xiangyi Cui, Xu Wang","submitted_at":"2025-12-30T04:07:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"The PandaX-xT is a next-generation experiment with broad scientific goals, including the search for dark matter, Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, and astrophysical neutrinos, using a dual-phase time projection chamber with about 43 tons of liquid xenon. A new cryogenics system of the PandaX-xT is described in this paper. It is developed to handle large mass of liquid xenon efficiently and safely, including two cooling towers for normal operation and one liquid-nitrogen coil for emergency case. Each cooling tower equipped with an AL600 Gifford-McMahon cryocooler features a 1300 W heater, specifi"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"The cryogenics system with two cooling towers has achieved about 1900 W cooling power at 178 K. The liquid nitrogen coil provides emergency cooling power of more than 1500 W at liquid xenon temperature. For the prototype of a 1-tonne liquid xenon detector, the fluctuation of xenon saturated vapor pressure remains below 1 kPa over one month, while the pressure is around 210 kPa.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The performance measured on the 1-tonne prototype and individual cooling towers will scale without major thermal losses, leaks, or safety issues to the full 43-tonne detector volume.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"The PandaX-xT cryogenics system with two cooling towers delivers 1900 W cooling power at 178 K, the liquid-nitrogen coil supplies over 1500 W emergency cooling, and a 1-tonne prototype maintains xenon vapor pressure stable within 1 kPa for one month.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"The PandaX-xT cryogenics system with two cooling towers delivers about 1900 W at 178 K and keeps xenon pressure stable within 1 kPa for a month in a one-tonne prototype.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"a2e29ae16351437aedb145049d3e0cfeea9111f6170ee89eacadc6c37cd5bc37"},"source":{"id":"2512.23974","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"1fc90c96-7644-47b5-8d8f-a4082c555615","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-16T19:44:40.831158Z","strongest_claim":"The cryogenics system with two cooling towers has achieved about 1900 W cooling power at 178 K. The liquid nitrogen coil provides emergency cooling power of more than 1500 W at liquid xenon temperature. For the prototype of a 1-tonne liquid xenon detector, the fluctuation of xenon saturated vapor pressure remains below 1 kPa over one month, while the pressure is around 210 kPa.","one_line_summary":"The PandaX-xT cryogenics system with two cooling towers delivers 1900 W cooling power at 178 K, the liquid-nitrogen coil supplies over 1500 W emergency cooling, and a 1-tonne prototype maintains xenon vapor pressure stable within 1 kPa for one month.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The performance measured on the 1-tonne prototype and individual cooling towers will scale without major thermal losses, leaks, or safety issues to the full 43-tonne detector volume.","pith_extraction_headline":"The PandaX-xT cryogenics system with two cooling towers delivers about 1900 W at 178 K and keeps xenon pressure stable within 1 kPa for a month in a one-tonne prototype."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2512.23974/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}