{"paper":{"title":"Constraints on the state of the IGM at $z\\sim 8-10$ using redshifted 21-cm observations with LOFAR","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"A. Acharya, A. K. Shaw, A. R. Offringa, B. Ciardi, C. H\\\"ofer, E. Ceccotti, F. G. Mertens, G. Mellema, I. Georgiev, I. Hothi, I. T. Iliev, K. Chege, L. V. E. Koopmans, M. Choudhury, M. Mevius, Q. Ma, R. Ghara, S. A. Brackenhoff, S. Ghosh, S. K. Giri, S. Munshi, S. Yatawatta, S. Zaroubi, V. N. Pandey","submitted_at":"2025-05-01T07:56:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"The power spectra of the redshifted 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) contain information about the ionization and thermal states of the intergalactic medium (IGM), and depend on the properties of the EoR sources. Recently, Mertens et al 2025 has analysed 10 nights of LOFAR high-band data and estimated upper limits on the 21-cm power spectrum at redshifts 8.3, 9.1 and 10.1. Here we use these upper limit results to constrain the properties of the IGM at those redshifts. We focus on the properties of the ionized and heated regions where the temperature is larger than that of the "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2505.00373","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2505.00373/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}