{"paper":{"title":"When Theory and Reality Collide: Demystifying the Effectiveness of Ambient Sensing for NFC-based Proximity Detection by Applying Relay Attack Data","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Carlton Shepherd, Iakovos Gurulian, Keith Mayes, Konstantinos Markantonakis, Raja Naeem Akram","submitted_at":"2016-05-02T10:40:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"Over the past decade, smartphones have become the point of convergence for many applications and services. There is a growing trend in which traditional smart-card based services like banking, transport and access control are being provisioned through smartphones. Smartphones with Near Field Communication (NFC) capability can emulate a contactless smart card; popular examples of such services include Google Pay and Apple Pay. Similar to contactless smart cards, NFC-based smartphone transactions are susceptible to relay attacks. For contactless smart cards, distance-bounding protocols are propo"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.00425","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}