{"paper":{"title":"Practical Limits of Higher-Order QAM in Hollow-Core Fiber Systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Md Ghulam Saber, Zhiping Jiang","submitted_at":"2026-06-22T16:09:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Hollow-core fiber (HCF) is widely expected to enable higher-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) because its near-vacuum Kerr nonlinearity admits higher launch power, and therefore higher optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), than standard single-mode fiber (SMF). We develop a joint per-channel signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) budget that captures the relevant impairments together: fiber Kerr nonlinear interference (NLI), distributed and discrete inter-modal interference (IMI), residual SMF-pigtail NLI, equalization-enhanced phase noise (EEPN), finite effective number of bits (ENOB), laser p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.23527","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.23527/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}