{"paper":{"title":"CP-violating multi-field phase transitions and gravitational waves in a hidden NJL sector","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"In a hidden NJL sector, multi-field tunneling can slow phase transitions to β/H ~ O(100) and produce gravitational waves detectable by μAres.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Chang-Xin Liu","submitted_at":"2026-04-21T08:07:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the dynamics of a cosmological first-order phase transition (FOPT) and the associated stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) in a hidden strongly coupled sector described by an extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with $N_f = 3$ fermion flavors. The model incorporates a CP-violating six-fermion 't Hooft interaction, an explicit chiral symmetry breaking mass term, and chirally symmetric eight-fermion operators that stabilize the vacuum. We perform a multi-field analysis of the tunneling dynamics, going beyond conventional single-field approximations. The interplay be"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"A comprehensive scan of the multi-dimensional parameter space reveals a regime where the transition rate drops to β/H ∼ O(10^2), enhancing SGWB peak amplitudes to the detection sensitivity of μAres; the macroscopic GW properties are set by the radial effective potential and remain insensitive to the CP-violating angle.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The effective potential and its multi-field tunneling path are computed within the mean-field or large-N approximation of the NJL model; if higher-order corrections or non-perturbative effects alter the barrier height or the curvature of the path, the claimed reduction in β/H and the resulting GW amplitude would change.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"In a hidden NJL sector, multi-field tunneling can slow phase transitions to β/H ~ O(100) and produce gravitational waves detectable by μAres.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"0b8c28a827c58eb66eab67dd1c7bbf3fc9987d6101966c5a97b7b9227d3d9b9c"},"source":{"id":"2604.19197","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"874448a9-edff-492f-83f1-e91e73479a35","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T17:44:50.881696Z","strongest_claim":"A comprehensive scan of the multi-dimensional parameter space reveals a regime where the transition rate drops to β/H ∼ O(10^2), enhancing SGWB peak amplitudes to the detection sensitivity of μAres; the macroscopic GW properties are set by the radial effective potential and remain insensitive to the CP-violating angle.","one_line_summary":"Multi-field tunneling analysis in a CP-violating NJL model yields a slow transition (β/H ~ 100) whose stochastic gravitational-wave signal is detectable by μAres and insensitive to the CP angle.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The effective potential and its multi-field tunneling path are computed within the mean-field or large-N approximation of the NJL model; if higher-order corrections or non-perturbative effects alter the barrier height or the curvature of the path, the claimed reduction in β/H and the resulting GW amplitude would change.","pith_extraction_headline":"In a hidden NJL sector, multi-field tunneling can slow phase transitions to β/H ~ O(100) and produce gravitational waves detectable by μAres."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.19197/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":96,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1984,"title":"E. Witten, Phys. Rev. D30, 272 (1984)","work_id":"3c66b18f-bfba-4535-8f0f-97d385088c1a","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2007,"title":"Gravitational Waves from Phase Transitions at the Electroweak Scale and Beyond","work_id":"19d4c61b-dec7-4644-a190-4166add64c25","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"hep-ph/0607107","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"","year":2016,"title":"Caprini et al.,Science with the space-based interferometer eLISA","work_id":"1984496d-cfc6-46a3-953f-6b8aab5d502d","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"1512.06239","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"","year":2020,"title":"Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters","work_id":"eeae0089-7b56-4c63-ace2-a31de468f6c5","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"1807.06209","is_internal_anchor":true},{"doi":"","year":1980,"title":"T. W. B. Kibble, Phys. 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