{"paper":{"title":"Quantum Thermodynamics, Entropy of the Universe, Free Energy, and the Second Law","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"George L. Barnes, Michael E. Kellman, Phillip C. Lotshaw","submitted_at":"2015-11-19T14:15:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"We take the view that the standard von Neumann definition, in which the entropy $S^{vN}$ of a pure state is zero, is in evident conflict with the statement of the second law that the entropy of the universe $S_{univ}$ increases in spontaneous processes, $ \\Delta S_{univ} > 0$. Here we seek an alternative entropy of the universe $S_{univ}$ that is in accord with the second law, in a spirit not dissimilar to von Neumann himself in lesser-known work. We perform simulations of time dependent dynamics for a previously developed \\cite{polyadbath} model quantum system becoming entangled with a quantu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.06176","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}