{"paper":{"title":"Design Considerations for Phase Modulation in Testable Photonic Systems and Co-packaged Optics","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"cs.ET","authors_text":"Pratishtha Agnihotri, Priyank Kalla, Steve Blair","submitted_at":"2026-06-18T00:53:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"As silicon photonic integrated circuits (PICs) scale in complexity, testing and calibration increasingly depend on effective phase modulation mechanisms. This work compares thermally induced phase modulation and carrier-based electrical modulation in Mach-Zehnder and microring modulators. The devices are designed and evaluated for extinction ratio, tuning efficiency, power consumption, and modulation bandwidth. The study identifies key trade-offs among modulation speed, energy consumption, and tuning controllability that directly influence the suitability of these methods for test signal gener"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.19674","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.19674/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}