{"paper":{"title":"Updated Bounds on Milli-Charged Particles","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Georg Raffelt, Sacha Davidson, Steen Hannestad","submitted_at":"2000-01-18T11:07:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We update the bounds on fermions with electric charge $\\epsilon e$ and mass $m_\\epsilon$. For $m_\\epsilon\\lsim m_e$ we find $10^{-15}\\lsim\\epsilon<1$ is excluded by laboratory experiments, astrophysics and cosmology. For larger masses, the limits are less restrictive and depend on $m_\\epsilon$. For milli-charged neutrinos, the limits are stronger, especially if the different flavors mix as suggested by current experimental evidence."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"hep-ph/0001179","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/hep-ph/0001179/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}