{"paper":{"title":"A simple proof of the Fredholm alternative and a characterization of the Fredholm operators","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.SP"],"primary_cat":"math.FA","authors_text":"A.G.Ramm","submitted_at":"2000-11-17T23:14:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Let $A$ be a linear bounded operator in a Hilbert space $H$, $N(A)$ and $R(A)$ its null-space and range, and $A^*$ its adjoint. The operator $A$ is called Fredholm iff $dim N(A)= dim N(A^*):=n<\\infty$ and $R(A)$ and $R(A^*)$ are closed subspaces of $H$.\n  A simple and short proof is given of the following known result: $A$ is Fredholm iff $A=B+F$, where $B$ is an isomorphism and $F$ is a finite-rank operator. The proof consists in reduction to a finite-dimensional linear algebraic system which is equivalent to the equation $Au=f$ in the case of Fredholm operators."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"math/0011133","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/math/0011133/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}