{"paper":{"title":"Which Superconducting Qubit Model is Good Enough? From Effective Two-Level to Circuit-Based Hamiltonians for Pulse-Level Simulation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.ET","authors_text":"Frej Larssen, Ivy Peng, Stefano Markidis","submitted_at":"2026-05-21T21:00:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pulse-level simulators are the lowest-level, most widely used abstraction layer for studying how quantum hardware responds to control signals, but they can be built on Hamiltonian models with very different fidelity and cost. This raises the question: which level of physical abstraction is sufficient for a given simulation objective? We study this question for a flux-tunable two-qubit superconducting device with a fixed bus coupler by comparing three Hamiltonian descriptions of the same hardware: an effective two-level model, a three-mode Duffing model, and a circuit-based transmon model in th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.23034","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.23034/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}