{"paper":{"title":"Robust LLM Watermarking with Minimal Semantic Distortion for IP Protection","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CL"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Kieu Dang, NHatHai Phan, Phung Lai, Ruoming Jin, Yelong Shen","submitted_at":"2026-05-22T02:51:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"Proprietary large language models (LLMs) face risks of intellectual property (IP) violation, as adversaries can replicate an LLM by collecting input-output pairs to train a surrogate model, causing financial setbacks. Watermarks offer a promising defense to verify ownership, but existing methods often struggle with semantic distortion, factual inconsistency, and adversarial attacks. In addition, key-conditioned watermarks for provider-specific detection, especially in cross-provider and multi-user scenarios, remain largely underexplored. To address these challenges, we propose SAFESEAL, a nove"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.23175","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.23175/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}