{"paper":{"title":"Liquid-Gas Phase Transitions and $\\mathcal{CK}$ Symmetry in Quantum Field Theories","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat","hep-ph","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Hiromichi Nishimura, Kamal Pangeni, Michael C. Ogilvie","submitted_at":"2016-12-30T19:52:29Z","abstract_excerpt":"A general field-theoretic framework for the treatment of liquid-gas phase transitions is developed. Starting from a fundamental four-dimensional field theory at nonzero temperature and density, an effective three-dimensional field theory with a sign problem is derived. Although charge conjugation $\\mathcal{C}$ is broken at finite density, there remains a symmetry under $\\mathcal{CK}$, where $\\mathcal{K}$ is complex conjugation. We consider four models: relativistic fermions, nonrelativistic fermions, static fermions and classical particles. The thermodynamic behavior is extracted from $\\mathca"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1612.09575","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}