{"paper":{"title":"Heat-dissipation decomposition and free-energy generation in a non-equilibrium dot with multi-electron states","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Decomposing total heat into housekeeping and excess parts in a driven nanodot shows direct correlation with generated free energy.","cross_cats":["math.ST","physics.app-ph","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Chloe Salhani, Katsuhiko Nishiguchi, Kensaku Chida, Takase Shimizu, Toshiaki Hayashi","submitted_at":"2025-01-28T05:58:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"We experimentally demonstrate the decomposition of heat dissipation during free-energy generation in a nanometer-scale dot transitioning to a non-equilibrium steady state via single-electron counting statistics. An alternating-current signal driving a reservoir that injects multiple electrons into the dot makes it non-equilibrium, leading to free-energy generation, heat dissipation, and Shannon-entropy production. By analyzing the time-domain probability distributions of multi-electron states of the dot, we quantitatively decompose the heat dissipation into housekeeping and excess heats, there"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"By analyzing the time-domain probability distributions of multi-electron states of the dot, we quantitatively decompose the heat dissipation into housekeeping and excess heats, thereby revealing their direct correlation with free-energy generation. This correlation suggests that the ratio of the generated free energy to the work applied to the dot can potentially reach 0.5 under far-from-equilibrium conditions induced by a large signal, while an efficiency of 0.25 was experimentally achieved.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the measured time-domain probability distributions of multi-electron states permit an accurate, quantitative separation of total heat into housekeeping and excess components without unaccounted systematic errors from the AC drive, finite measurement bandwidth, or multi-electron interactions.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Experimental decomposition of heat dissipation into housekeeping and excess components in a multi-electron quantum dot reveals correlation with free-energy generation, achieving 0.25 efficiency with potential for 0.5.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Decomposing total heat into housekeeping and excess parts in a driven nanodot shows direct correlation with generated free energy.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"c6593afe5080f64a9c8e20d33dc960c9333093b72526645a880cb3f7810b6014"},"source":{"id":"2501.16721","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"07fe74df-49ec-438b-a723-76c80d3675c6","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-23T05:18:56.278073Z","strongest_claim":"By analyzing the time-domain probability distributions of multi-electron states of the dot, we quantitatively decompose the heat dissipation into housekeeping and excess heats, thereby revealing their direct correlation with free-energy generation. This correlation suggests that the ratio of the generated free energy to the work applied to the dot can potentially reach 0.5 under far-from-equilibrium conditions induced by a large signal, while an efficiency of 0.25 was experimentally achieved.","one_line_summary":"Experimental decomposition of heat dissipation into housekeeping and excess components in a multi-electron quantum dot reveals correlation with free-energy generation, achieving 0.25 efficiency with potential for 0.5.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the measured time-domain probability distributions of multi-electron states permit an accurate, quantitative separation of total heat into housekeeping and excess components without unaccounted systematic errors from the AC drive, finite measurement bandwidth, or multi-electron interactions.","pith_extraction_headline":"Decomposing total heat into housekeeping and excess parts in a driven nanodot shows direct correlation with generated free energy."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.16721/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":57,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":1961,"title":"Landauer, Irreversibility and heat generation in the computing process, IBM J","work_id":"1b4c2629-62a8-4d9f-9c74-cd16a34a4f6f","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2012,"title":"A. B´ erut, A. Arakelyan, A. Petrosyan, S. Ciliberto, R. Dillenschneider, and E. Lutz, Experimental verifica- tion of landauer’s principle linking information and ther- modynamics, Nature 483, 187 (201","work_id":"ed8e95d9-0234-4867-8434-e3fd43e44493","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2014,"title":"Y. Jun, M. c. v. Gavrilov, and J. Bechhoefer, High- precision test of landauer’s principle in a feedback trap, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 190601 (2014)","work_id":"75308ad7-385c-4270-b9bc-cdfe5be9c85e","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2014,"title":"J. V. Koski, V. F. Maisi, J. P. Pekola, and D. V. Averin, Experimental realization of a szilard engine with a single electron, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 13786 (2014)","work_id":"62b2efc9-ea0c-4b7d-8cdb-5f2d3fa56d95","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2015,"title":"A. B´ erut, A. Petrosyan, and S. Ciliberto, Information and thermodynamics: experimental verification of landauer’s erasure principle, J. Stat. Mech. 2015, P06015 (2015)","work_id":"e9f8b526-205a-425c-972d-f3da144aa4dc","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":57,"snapshot_sha256":"0dae1059e243226519c4b9aa7c8667e32b37d2c75ad4d38d6d1e2c9fe548635b","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}