{"paper":{"title":"Longitudinal Localized Kick Driven Fast Extraction Method and Rapid Cycling Synchrotron Design for 3D PBS Proton FLASH Delivery","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"A rapid cycling synchrotron using localized longitudinal kicks enables 3D pencil beam scanning for proton FLASH delivery.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","authors_text":"Hongjuan Yao, Shuxin Zheng, Yang Xiong","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T06:39:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper presents the design of a rapid cycling synchrotron (RCS) featuring a longitudinal localized kick driven fast extraction system for three-dimensional (3D) pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton FLASH delivery. The extraction method is designed to accommodate a novel scanning scheme that addresses the stringent requirement for substantially shorter delivery time compared to current solutions, where the scanning layer is parallel to the proton beam direction. In this method, the kicker pulse waveform is applied selectively to specific longitudinal segments of the proton bunch. For each scan"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"A total number of particles of 2×10^{10} can satisfy the requirements of spot dose accuracy and the beam loss due to the septum is less than 1%. By integrating a novel scanning scheme with a specially designed RCS and fast extraction method, this work demonstrates the feasibility of achieving 3D PBS proton FLASH delivery.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That real-time longitudinal line density measurements allow precise dynamic adjustment of the kicker's functional region without degrading spot dose accuracy or pushing septum losses above 1 percent under actual beam conditions.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A novel localized kick extraction method in a designed RCS supports feasible 3D PBS proton FLASH delivery with 2e10 particles per spot meeting dose accuracy and under 1% septum beam loss.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A rapid cycling synchrotron using localized longitudinal kicks enables 3D pencil beam scanning for proton FLASH delivery.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"48f3744323bcbcae09db91b1c872cb6f86142e614c099a18fabbc104464257f1"},"source":{"id":"2605.13065","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"871d7f9d-fdb7-42e5-a619-0f75ebc37329","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T01:52:30.061760Z","strongest_claim":"A total number of particles of 2×10^{10} can satisfy the requirements of spot dose accuracy and the beam loss due to the septum is less than 1%. By integrating a novel scanning scheme with a specially designed RCS and fast extraction method, this work demonstrates the feasibility of achieving 3D PBS proton FLASH delivery.","one_line_summary":"A novel localized kick extraction method in a designed RCS supports feasible 3D PBS proton FLASH delivery with 2e10 particles per spot meeting dose accuracy and under 1% septum beam loss.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That real-time longitudinal line density measurements allow precise dynamic adjustment of the kicker's functional region without degrading spot dose accuracy or pushing septum losses above 1 percent under actual beam conditions.","pith_extraction_headline":"A rapid cycling synchrotron using localized longitudinal kicks enables 3D pencil beam scanning for proton FLASH delivery."},"references":{"count":36,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2014,"title":"V. Favaudon, L. Caplier, V. Monceau, F. Pouzoulet, M. Sayarath, C. Fouillade, M.-F. Poupon, I. Brito, P. Hup´ e, J. Bourhis, J. Hall, J.-J. Fontaine, and M.- 15 C. Vozenin, Science Translational Medic","work_id":"236ffa28-a978-4afe-937a-6bc28205ee59","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2020,"title":"N. Esplen, M. S. Mendonca, and M. Bazalova-Carter, Physics in Medicine & Biology65, 23TR03 (2020)","work_id":"655eb091-0762-4f4e-9d19-192233d7e6aa","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"M.-C. Vozenin, B. W. Loo, S. Tantawi, P. G. Maxim, D. R. Spitz, C. Bailat, and C. L. Limoli, Rev. Mod. Phys.96, 035002 (2024)","work_id":"411a7ee1-0ebc-467e-9a64-482a329dbaf6","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"A. E. Mascia, E. C. Daugherty, Y. Zhang, E. Lee, Z. Xiao, M. Sertorio, J. Woo, L. R. Backus, J. M. McDon- ald, C. McCann, K. Russell, L. Levine, R. A. Sharma, D. Khuntia, J. D. Bradley, I. Simone, Cha","work_id":"a6f3b017-6e3c-4f46-9de6-171cefbea96c","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2025,"title":"A. Darafsheh and A. Bey, Physics in Medicine & Biology 70, 105008 (2025)","work_id":"5f8c7e93-efa7-4478-b18d-7cb3df26cea9","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":36,"snapshot_sha256":"7451f78a8e85504c391a2ffd9a02348550bdd27dd28db8839ea6c474f83048dd","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"82923b5985062490a1b21071aa2bdf3212ce9712ff33a3d9da5a2f50bf086a77"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}