{"paper":{"title":"Predicting Three Generations of Fermions: Discovery Prospects of the Bilepton Model","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Doubly charged bileptons can be discovered at the HL-LHC in four-lepton events up to 2.5 TeV heavy quark masses or 2 TeV bilepton masses.","cross_cats":["hep-ex"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Ahmed Hammad, Andreas Crivellin, Paul H. Frampton","submitted_at":"2026-05-14T18:01:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the production of pairs of doubly-charged bileptons and assess their discovery potential in light of the integrated luminosities available at the High-Luminosity LHC. The production rates are governed primarily by the bilepton mass, $(m_Y)$, and the mass of the exotic heavy quarks, $(m_D)$. We consider two complementary production channels: (i) direct bilepton pair production and (ii) bilepton production mediated through heavy-quark decays. Notably, the latter typically yields significantly enhanced cross sections and gives rise to distinctive LHC signatures, even when the bileptons a"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Owing to the essentially background-free signature of four energetic leptons at the LHC, we show that Run-2 data allow a discovery only for m_D ≲ 1 TeV, whereas the HL-LHC can achieve a 5σ discovery up to m_D ≲ 2.5 TeV (nearly independently of m_Y) and/or for m_Y ≲ 2 TeV (even if D is heavy).","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The four-lepton final state is treated as essentially background-free and the production cross sections (both direct and via heavy-quark decays) are assumed to be accurately predicted by leading-order or next-to-leading-order calculations without large uncertainties from parton distributions or higher-order corrections.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Bilepton Model predicts observable pairs of doubly-charged bileptons at HL-LHC up to m_D ~2.5 TeV or m_Y ~2 TeV through background-free four-lepton final states in two complementary channels.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Doubly charged bileptons can be discovered at the HL-LHC in four-lepton events up to 2.5 TeV heavy quark masses or 2 TeV bilepton masses.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"f2ece2cd3b8bd0cda921ba1277872b53899db7363825431efffc62ebcedad3dc"},"source":{"id":"2605.15286","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"5c10e56d-b5cc-4488-9fba-82efb1509e41","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T15:12:26.822112Z","strongest_claim":"Owing to the essentially background-free signature of four energetic leptons at the LHC, we show that Run-2 data allow a discovery only for m_D ≲ 1 TeV, whereas the HL-LHC can achieve a 5σ discovery up to m_D ≲ 2.5 TeV (nearly independently of m_Y) and/or for m_Y ≲ 2 TeV (even if D is heavy).","one_line_summary":"Bilepton Model predicts observable pairs of doubly-charged bileptons at HL-LHC up to m_D ~2.5 TeV or m_Y ~2 TeV through background-free four-lepton final states in two complementary channels.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The four-lepton final state is treated as essentially background-free and the production cross sections (both direct and via heavy-quark decays) are assumed to be accurately predicted by leading-order or next-to-leading-order calculations without large uncertainties from parton distributions or higher-order corrections.","pith_extraction_headline":"Doubly charged bileptons can be discovered at the HL-LHC in four-lepton events up to 2.5 TeV heavy quark masses or 2 TeV bilepton masses."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.15286/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T15:31:17.910621Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T15:23:17.902239Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T14:41:54.244119Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T13:33:22.789403Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"936be9d97d64000cff03cafe16b6c0fa0e777de50461557e652cdeba51e11bb3"},"references":{"count":36,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2000,"title":"Foundation of Machine Learning Physics","work_id":"749aa229-a3a2-4f19-b220-af68ce631716","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1961,"title":"S. L. Glashow,Partial Symmetries of Weak Interactions,Nucl. Phys.22(1961) 579. [2]Particle Data Groupcollaboration, S. Navas et al., Review of particle physics,Phys. Rev. D110(2024) 030001. [3]Gargame","work_id":"e97bc283-b025-43bd-94a6-83d8874f7c1b","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1964,"title":"P. W. Higgs,Broken symmetries, massless particles and gauge fields,Phys. Lett.12(1964) 132","work_id":"175aaaf5-d972-443b-93f7-a4eae4839303","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1964,"title":"F. Englert and R. Brout,Broken Symmetry and the Mass of Gauge Vector Mesons,Phys. Rev. Lett.13 (1964) 321","work_id":"8cc73af8-cb44-4e3f-b2b3-d40bb42cec5f","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1967,"title":"Weinberg,A Model of Leptons,Phys","work_id":"70f7ca69-3675-437b-a211-2a0a1bd07f70","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":36,"snapshot_sha256":"4179f564406ff519c51197b77489f555359f3139b77d51875d9bc48980c60549","internal_anchors":19},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"11126b2d1be20e7d9d975965d098bd77fa72138bcb9e2d4c0477c5b26b161954"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}