{"paper":{"title":"Nanosecond-level time synchronization of autonomous radio detector stations for extensive air showers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ex"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"A. Almela, A. Aminaei, A.A. Watson, A. Blanco, A. Bridgeman, A. Bueno, A. Castellina, A.C. Fauth, A. Chiavassa, A. Coleman, A. Cordier, A.C. Rovero, A. Di Matteo, A. Dorofeev, A.D. Supanitsky, A.E. Herv\\'e, A. Etchegoyen, A.F. Grillo, A. Filevich, A. Filip\\v{c}i\\v{c}, A.G. Chavez, A. Gherghel-Lascu, A.G. Mariazzi, A. Gorgi, A. Haungs, A. Insolia, A. K\\\"a\\\"ap\\\"a, A. Lang, A. Letessier-Selvon, A. L\\'opez Casado, A. Lucero, A.M. Badescu, A. Menshikov, A.M. van den Berg, A. Nelles, A. Olinto, A. Parra, A.P. Ferguson, A. Porcelli, A. Saftoiu, A. Saleh, A. Schulz, A. Segreto, A. Shadkam, A. \\'Smia{\\l}kowski, A. Stutz, A. Tapia, A. Tepe, A. Tonachini, A. van Vliet, A. Weindl, A. Widom, A.W. Kuotb Awad, A. Yushkov, A. Zepeda, B. Caccianiga, B. Daniel, B. Fick, B. Garc\\'ia, B. Gookin, B. Keilhauer, B. Mitrica, B.R. Dawson, B. Revenu, B. Sarkar, B. Tom\\'e, B. Vargas C\\'ardenas, B. Vlcek, B. Wundheiler, B. Zimmermann, C.A. Moura, C. Aramo, C. Baus, C. Berat, C. Bleve, C. Bonifazi, C. Di Giulio, C. Dobrigkeit, C.E. Covault, C. Glaser, C. Hojvat, C. Jarne, C.J. Todero Peixoto, C. Medina, C. Morello, C.O. Escobar, C. Peters, C. Porowski, C. Sarmiento-Cano, C. Scarso, C. Timmermans, D. Boncioli, D. Garc\\'ia-G\\'amez, D. Garcia-Pinto, D. G{\\l}as, D. Harari, D. Heck, D. Huber, D. Kuempel, D. LaHurd, D. Lebrun, D. Mandat, D. Martello, D. Martraire, D. Maurizio, D. Melo, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, D. Ravignani, D. Reinert, D. Rogozin, D. Schmidt, D. Stanca, D. Torres Machado, D. Veberi\\v{c}, D. Walz, D. Wittkowski, D. Zavrtanik, E. Holt, E.J. Ahn, E.J. Quel, E. Kemp, E. Mayotte, E.M. Santos, E. Petermann, E. Roulet, E. Santos, E. Varela, E. Zas, F. Arqueros, F. Contreras, F. Diogo, F. Gate, F.G. Schr\\\"oder, F. Guarino, F. Montanet, F. Oikonomou, F. Salesa Greus, F. S\\'anchez, F. Sarazin, F. Suarez, F. Werner, F. Zuccarello, G.A. Anastasi, G. Avila, G. Cataldi, G.C. Hill, G. Cocciolo, G. De Mauro, G. Farrar, G. Golup, G. Kukec Mezek, G. Marsella, G. Matthiae, G. Medina-Tanco, G. M\\\"uller, G. Parente, G.P. Guedes, G.R. Snow, G. Salina, G. Sigl, G. Toma, G. Torralba Elipe, G. van Aar, G. Varner, H. Asorey, H. Bl\\\"umer, H. Falcke, H. Gemmeke, H. Glass, H.J. Mathes, H. Martinez, H.O. Klages, H. Salazar, H. Schieler, H. Schoorlemmer, H. Wahlberg, H. Wilczy\\'nski, I. Allekotte, I. Al Samarai, I.A. Minaya, I. Brancus, I.C. Mari\\c{s}, I. De Mitri, I.F.M. Albuquerque, I. Jandt, I. Katkov, I. Lhenry-Yvon, I.M. Pepe, I. Vali\\~no, J.A. Bellido, J.A. Chinellato, J.A.J. Matthews, J.A. Johnsen, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Mu\\~niz, J. Aublin, J. Blazek, J. Brack, J.C. Diaz, J.C. D'Olivo, J. Chudoba, J. Cronin, J. de Oliveira, J.D. Sanabria Gomez, J. Ebr, J. Eser, J. Espadanal, J.F. Vald\\'es Galicia, J. Gordon, J.J. Beatty, J.J. Mas\\'ias Meza, J. Kleinfeller, J.L. Harton, J. Maller, J. Matthews, J.M. Figueira, J. Neuser, J. Pallotta, J. Phuntsok, J. P\\k{e}kala, J. Rautenberg, J.R. H\\\"orandel, J. Ridky, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Rosado, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, J.R. V\\'azquez, J. Schulz, J. Schumacher, J. Sorokin, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, J. Swain, J. Vicha, K. Daumiller, K. Fang, K.H. Becker, K.H. Kampert, K. Link, K. Louedec, K.S. Caballero-Mora, K. Weidenhaupt, L. Anchordoqui, L.A. N\\'u\\~nez, L. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, L. Cazon, L. Collica, L. Del Peral, L. Latronico, L. Lopes, L. Middendorf, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, L. Nellen, L. Niemietz, L. No\\v{z}ka, L. Ochilo, L. Perrone, L. Tomankova, L. Valore, L. Villase\\~nor, L. Wiencke, L. Yang, M. Aglietta, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, M. Ambrosio, M.A. Muller, M. Blanco, M. Boh\\'a\\v{c}ov\\'a, M. Buscemi, M. Candusso, M. Cilmo, M.D. Rodr\\'iguez-Fr\\'ias, M.E. Bertaina, M. Erdmann, M. Erfani, M. Giammarchi, M. Giller, M. G\\'omez Berisso, M. Hrabovsk\\'y, M.I. Micheletti, M.J. Cooper, M. Josebachuili, M. Kleifges, M. Lauscher, M.L. D\\'iaz Castro, M. Malacari, M. Mallamaci, M.M. Freire, M. Mostaf\\'a, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M. Niechciol, M. Palatka, M. Pech, M. Pimenta, M. Platino, M. Plum, M. Prouza, M.R. Coluccia, M.R. Hampel, M. Risse, M. Roth, M. Schauer, M. Settimo, M.S. Sutherland, M. Stephan, M. Suarez Dur\\'an, M.T. Dova, M. Trini, M. Unger, M. Urban, M. Videla, M. Weber, M. Zavrtanik, M. Ziolkowski, N. Arsene, N. Awal, N. Borodai, N. Dhital, N. Fazzini, N. Gonz\\'alez, N. Griffith, N. Hollon, N. Krohm, N. Kunka, N. Pacheco, O.A. Taborda, O. Deligny, O. Fratu, O. Kambeitz, O. Mart\\'inez Bravo, O. Ravel, O. Scholten, O. Sima, O. Wainberg, P. Abreu, P. Allison, P. Assis, P. Billoir, P. Brogueira, P. Buchholz, P.F. G\\'omez Vitale, P.G. Isar, P. Gorham, P. Gouffon, P. Hansen, P. Heimann, P.H. Nguyen, P. Homola, P. Horvath, P. Kasper, P. Lautridou, P.L. Biermann, P. Lebrun, P.L. Ghia, P. Mantsch, P. Necesal, P.O. Mazur, P. Papenbreer, P. Pieroni, P. Privitera, P. Ristori, P. Sanchez-Lucas, P. Schov\\'anek, P. Sommers, P. Travnicek, P. van Bodegom, Q. Dorosti Hasankiadeh, R. Alves Batista, R.A. V\\'azquez, R. Caruso, R.C. dos Anjos, R. Cester, R. Colalillo, R. Concei\\c{c}\\~ao, R.C. Shellard, R. Dallier, R. Engel, R. Krause, R. Lauer, R. L\\'opez, R.M. de Almeida, R. Meissner, R.M. Kieckhafer, R. Pelayo, R. Piegaia, R.R. Prado, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, R. Squartini, R. Ulrich, R. Vasquez, R. \\v{S}m\\'ida, R.W. Clay, S. Andringa, S. Buitink, S. Coutu, S. Dasso, S.G. Blaess, S. Hartmann, S. Jansen, S.J. De Jong, S.J. Saffi, S.J. Sciutto, S. Le Coz, S. Mathys, S. Messina, S. Mollerach, S. M\\\"uller, S. Navas, S. Petrera, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, S. Sonntag, S. Stani\\v{c}, S. van Velzen, S. Vorobiov, S. Wykes, T.A. Harrison, T. Bretz, T.D. Grubb, T. Fujii, T. Hebbeker, The Pierre Auger Collaboration: A. Aab, T. Huege, T. Niggemann, T. Paul, T. Pierog, T. Suomij\\\"arvi, T. Winchen, T. Yapici, U. Giaccari, V.B.B. Mello, V. de Souza, V. Marin, V.M. Theodoro, V. Novotny, V. Pirronello, V. Rizi, V. Scherini, V. Verzi, W. Docters, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, X. Bertou, Y.N. Srivastava, Y. Petrov, Z. Szadkowski","submitted_at":"2015-12-07T14:50:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"To exploit the full potential of radio measurements of cosmic-ray air showers at MHz frequencies, a detector timing synchronization within 1 ns is needed. Large distributed radio detector arrays such as the Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) rely on timing via the Global Positioning System (GPS) for the synchronization of individual detector station clocks. Unfortunately, GPS timing is expected to have an accuracy no better than about 5 ns. In practice, in particular in AERA, the GPS clocks exhibit drifts on the order of tens of ns. We developed a technique to correct for the GPS drifts, and"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.02216","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}