{"paper":{"title":"Measurement of the real dielectric permittivity epsilon_r of glacial ice","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"A. Christenson, A. Connolly, A. Ishihara, A. Karle, A. Laundrie, A. Novikov, A. O'Murchadha, A. Shultz, A. Vieregg, B.A. Clark, C. Brabec, C.-C. Chen, C. Deaconu, C.-H. Chen, C.-J. Li, C. Pfendner, D. Seckel, D. Z. Besson, E. Hong, E. Oberla, G. Nir, G. S. Varner, H. Landsman, I. Kravchenko, J. Auffenberg, J. Hanson, J. Haugen, J. J. Beatty, J.-J. Huang, J. L. Kelley, J. Nam, J. Roth, J. Touart, K. D. Hoffman, K. Hanson, K. Mase, K. Ratzlaff, L. Cremonesi, L. Friedman, L. Hu, M. Beheler-Amass, M. Beydler, M.-C. Kim, M. DuVernois, M.-H. A. Huang, M. Relich, M. Song, M.-Y. Lu, M.-Z. Wang, P. Allison, P. Chen, P. Sandstrom, P. W. Gorham, R. Bard, R. Gaior, R. J. Nichols, R. Khandelwal, R. Young, S. Archambault, S.-H. Wang, S. Wissel, S.-Y. Hsu, S. Yoshida, T. C. Liu, T. Kuwabara, T. Meures, Y. Pan, Y.-S. Shiao, Y. Yang","submitted_at":"2017-12-08T22:36:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using data collected by the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) experiment at the South Pole, we have used long-baseline propagation of radio-frequency signals to extract information on the radio-frequency index-of-refraction in South Polar ice. Owing to the increasing ice density over the upper 150--200 meters, rays are observed along two, nearly parallel paths, one of which is direct and a second which refracts through an inflection point, with differences in both arrival time and arrival angle that can be used to constrain the neutrino properties. We also observe indications, for the first time, of "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.03301","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}