{"paper":{"title":"Bounded-Input True Proportional Navigation for Impact-Time Control","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"A sliding-mode guidance law based on true proportional navigation intercepts constant-velocity targets at a prescribed time while respecting known acceleration bounds.","cross_cats":["cs.RO","cs.SY","math.DS"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Abhinav Sinha, Lohitvel Gopikannan, Shashi Ranjan Kumar","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T15:29:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper proposes a nonlinear guidance strategy capable of intercepting a constant-velocity, non-maneuvering target while strictly satisfying the prescribed bounds on the control input (commanded acceleration). Unlike conventional strategies that estimate time-to-go using linearization or small-angle approximations, the proposed strategy employs true proportional-navigation guidance (TPNG) as a baseline, which utilizes an exact time-to-go formulation and is applicable over a wide range of target motions. In contrast to most existing strategies, which do not incorporate control input bounds i"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Based on the sliding mode control technique, an effective guidance law that achieves time-constrained interception while accounting for bounded input is then derived.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The target moves at constant velocity with no maneuvers; the interceptor acceleration is modeled as a first-order dynamic variable whose bound is known a priori.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A sliding-mode true proportional navigation law is derived that enforces impact-time constraints for non-maneuvering targets under bounded acceleration.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A sliding-mode guidance law based on true proportional navigation intercepts constant-velocity targets at a prescribed time while respecting known acceleration bounds.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"1c541db4e23713f4c08f3ea8592f9e602a9fd9dfa45aa22ad42f9e499d6ecc6b"},"source":{"id":"2605.13669","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"6d0c5deb-ab6c-4f90-b320-35ce928e07a1","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T17:50:39.975205Z","strongest_claim":"Based on the sliding mode control technique, an effective guidance law that achieves time-constrained interception while accounting for bounded input is then derived.","one_line_summary":"A sliding-mode true proportional navigation law is derived that enforces impact-time constraints for non-maneuvering targets under bounded acceleration.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The target moves at constant velocity with no maneuvers; the interceptor acceleration is modeled as a first-order dynamic variable whose bound is known a priori.","pith_extraction_headline":"A sliding-mode guidance law based on true proportional navigation intercepts constant-velocity targets at a prescribed time while respecting known acceleration bounds."},"references":{"count":26,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2020,"title":"Impact angle guidance using state-dependent (differential) riccati equation: Unified applicability analysis,","work_id":"9d6e45d4-83c5-476e-8035-3c1047dca412","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1955,"title":"Finite-horizon robust suboptimal control- based impact angle guidance,","work_id":"ca0bd3ae-6eea-48c1-8191-31541c76ac36","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2006,"title":"Impact-time-control guidance law for anti-ship missiles,","work_id":"bf27bb36-43a6-4bce-992e-3584924fa7eb","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2016,"title":"Impact-time-control guidance with generalized proportional navigation based on nonlinear formulation,","work_id":"42a6dd71-3605-4930-a5d9-3cb96245b21c","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2016,"title":"Distributed guidance law design for cooperative simultaneous attacks with multiple missiles,","work_id":"3f882977-b541-4e87-b63f-fa4a14b8201b","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":26,"snapshot_sha256":"a60a53677efd6cd84228f702f56c0128ff74fee429203bbf4b89924e5fec6886","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}