{"paper":{"title":"Numerical Study on Entrance Length in Thermal Counterflow of Superfluid $^4$He","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.other","authors_text":"Hiromichi Kobayashi, Makoto Tsubota, Satoshi Yui","submitted_at":"2018-06-29T05:55:54Z","abstract_excerpt":"Three-dimensional numerical simulations in a square duct were conducted to investigate entrance lengths of normal fluid and superfluid flows in a thermal counterflow of superfluid $^4$He. The two fluids were coarse-grained by using the Hall-Vinen-Bekharevich-Khalatnikov (HVBK) model and were coupled through mutual friction. We solved the HVBK equations by parameterizing the coefficient of the mutual friction to consider the vortex line density. A uniform mutual friction parameter was assumed in the streamwise direction. Our simulation showed that the entrance length of the normal fluid from a "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1806.11274","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}