{"paper":{"title":"Spin 1/2 from Gluons","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"A. P. Balachandran","submitted_at":"2022-11-07T17:08:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"The theta vacuum in QCD is the standard vacuum, twisted by the exponential of the Chern-Simons term. But what is the quantum operator $U(g)$ for winding number $1$?\n  We construct $U(g)$ in this note. The Poincare' rotation generators commute with it only if they are augmented by the spin 1/2 representation of the Lorentz group coming from large gauge transformations. This result is analogous to the 'spin-isopin' mixing result due to Jackiw and Rebbi [1], and Hasenfratz and 't Hooft[2] and a similar result in fuzzy physics [3].\n  Hence states can drastically affect representations of observabl"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2211.03692","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2211.03692/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}