{"paper":{"title":"Measuring a Black Hole's Area Immediately after Merger: A Direct-Wave Test of Hawking's Area Law","license":"http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Adrian Ka-Wai Chung, Anna Liu, Kelvin Ka-Ho Lam, Nicolas Yunes","submitted_at":"2026-06-04T18:00:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"Black-hole area is the geometric variable behind horizon thermodynamics. We introduce a gravitational-wave method to infer a Kerr-equivalent horizon area from direct waves in the near-merger signal, before quasinormal ringing dominates at late times. Applied to GW250114, and interpreting the fitted direct-wave frequency and damping rate as horizon quantities, we find that analyses initiated $3$--$4.5M$ before the peak-amplitude time yield an area consistent with the Kerr remnant. This result gives a first area measurement using direct waves and a new near-merger test of Hawking's area law."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2606.06592","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2606.06592/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}