{"paper":{"title":"The Wolf and the Cello: Modelling and design of multiple resonance suppressors in large string instruments","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"A coupled dynamical model shows that one or two tuned suppressors can eliminate wolf notes in large string instruments while limiting damage to tonal balance.","cross_cats":["cs.NA","math.NA","math.OC"],"primary_cat":"math.DS","authors_text":"Emiliano Cristiani, Francesca L. Ignoto, Simone Cacace","submitted_at":"2026-05-15T17:26:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"The wolf note is an acoustic instability that occurs in large bowed string instruments when a strong body resonance interacts with the vibrating string, producing amplitude modulation and loss of tonal control. Various wolf suppressors - tuned mass dampers attached to the string or to the instrument body - are used in practice to mitigate this effect. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model describing the coupled dynamics of a string and a two-dimensional body equipped with one or two wolf suppressors. Both string and body include elastic (second-order) and stiffness (fourth-order) cont"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"The proposed numerical tests give insights about optimal tuning and placement of one or two suppressors, achieving effective wolf-note suppression while preserving as much as possible the global tonal balance.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The two-dimensional body model with combined second-order elastic and fourth-order stiffness contributions accurately captures the relevant resonances that interact with the string; this modeling choice is stated in the abstract as the basis for the coupled dynamics.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A coupled string-body model with elastic and stiffness terms is simulated with one or two tuned mass dampers to optimize wolf-note suppression and tonal balance in large bowed instruments.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A coupled dynamical model shows that one or two tuned suppressors can eliminate wolf notes in large string instruments while limiting damage to tonal balance.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"2aadb9ffb38682a5300f2145fd698abf27684f32537d96c6c99653ac2c0183e7"},"source":{"id":"2605.16210","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"1a2f4744-ad1f-4c26-a1cb-3f9e490c6540","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T18:17:40.831924Z","strongest_claim":"The proposed numerical tests give insights about optimal tuning and placement of one or two suppressors, achieving effective wolf-note suppression while preserving as much as possible the global tonal balance.","one_line_summary":"A coupled string-body model with elastic and stiffness terms is simulated with one or two tuned mass dampers to optimize wolf-note suppression and tonal balance in large bowed instruments.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The two-dimensional body model with combined second-order elastic and fourth-order stiffness contributions accurately captures the relevant resonances that interact with the string; this modeling choice is stated in the abstract as the basis for the coupled dynamics.","pith_extraction_headline":"A coupled dynamical model shows that one or two tuned suppressors can eliminate wolf notes in large string instruments while limiting damage to tonal balance."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.16210/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:31:18.725377Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T18:30:52.440337Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"shingle_duplication","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:49:44.675020Z","status":"skipped","version":"0.1.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"citation_quote_validity","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:49:44.165414Z","status":"skipped","version":"0.1.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:33:24.826471Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"external_links","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:31:34.411363Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"cited_work_retraction","ran_at":"2026-05-19T17:22:06.840386Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T16:41:55.394992Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"21998d7696f71d9188afc159aed15d462fe5ada2ae81d0d857a19b6bb3402bc5"},"references":{"count":13,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2018,"title":"P. Neubauer, J. Tschesche, J. B¨os, et al. An active-system approach for eliminating the wolf note on a cello. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 143:2965–2974, 2018","work_id":"1f1ba135-cfc7-4ac8-85af-0a4533985b9b","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1916,"title":"M. A. C. V. Raman. On the “wolf-note” in bowed stringed instruments.Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 32:391–395, 1916","work_id":"1f897c7f-52e9-420d-9a95-df4f8d98ef50","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1973,"title":"I. M. Firth and J. M. Buchanan. The wolf in the cello.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 53:457–463, 1973","work_id":"50c18c29-1e81-43df-a8a3-cd147e1ee768","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1978,"title":"M. E. McIntyre and J. Woodhouse. The acoustics of stringed musical instruments.Interdisciplinary Science Reviews, 3:157–173, 1978","work_id":"09a1f3ff-6b88-4092-a126-a657b48e6979","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":1979,"title":"M. E. McIntyre and J. Woodhouse. On the fundamentals of bowed-string dynamics.Acustica, 43(2):93–108, 1979","work_id":"6eb96642-be9e-4a1a-b141-d025169ce61f","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":13,"snapshot_sha256":"cc45487c213f8c836acb8107d6549a6cd55eea29097d62398574f138fed6499a","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"55b5d4bf3883d73f3cd7f3a76fa66b3ae13001ac983a6f9834c920b7141b4fb0"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}