{"paper":{"title":"Sets of Half-Average Nulls Generate Risk-Limiting Audits: SHANGRLA","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR"],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Philip B. Stark","submitted_at":"2019-11-22T13:32:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Risk-limiting audits (RLAs) for many social choice functions can be reduced to testing sets of null hypotheses of the form \"the average of this list is not greater than 1/2\" for a collection of finite lists of nonnegative numbers. Such social choice functions include majority, super-majority, plurality, multi-winner plurality, Instant Runoff Voting (IRV), Borda count, approval voting, and STAR-Voting, among others. The audit stops without a full hand count iff all the null hypotheses are rejected. The nulls can be tested in many ways. Ballot-polling is particularly simple; two new ballot-polli"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1911.10035","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1911.10035/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}