{"paper":{"title":"Gravitational Bending of Light Near Compact Objects","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Andrei M. Beloborodov (CITA)","submitted_at":"2002-01-08T21:07:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"A photon emitted near a compact object at an angle $\\alpha$ with respect to the radial direction escapes to infinity at a different angle $\\psi>\\alpha$. This bending of light is caused by a strong gravitational field. We show that, in a Schwarzschild metric, the effect is described by $1-\\cos\\alpha=(1-\\cos\\psi)(1-r_g/R)$ where $R/r_g$ is the emission radius in Schwarzschild units. The formula is approximate and it applies at $R\\geq 2r_g$ only, however at these radii it has amazing accuracy, fully sufficient in many applications. As one application we develop a new formulation for the light ben"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0201117","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/astro-ph/0201117/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}