{"paper":{"title":"Legal Infrastructure Organizes Eviction: Evidence from Philadelphia","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Eviction in Philadelphia is organized upstream by a concentrated plaintiff-side legal infrastructure of dominant attorneys and repeat property filings.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.AP","authors_text":"Marios Papamichalis, Regina Ruane","submitted_at":"2026-04-23T02:06:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"We analyze the filing-side legal infrastructure of eviction using 755,004 Philadelphia Municipal Court landlord-tenant records filed between 1969 and 2022, of which 747,125 are residential. Eviction in Philadelphia is organized upstream by a concentrated plaintiff-side bar, durable plaintiff-attorney dependence, repeated use of the same properties, and recurring tenant-name exposure. Between 1983 and 2022, the ten most active plaintiff attorneys handled 82.2% of represented plaintiff-side cases per year on average, compared with 14.8% for the ten most active plaintiffs. Large plaintiffs depend"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"eviction is organized upstream by a concentrated plaintiff-side bar, durable plaintiff--attorney dependence, repeated use of the same properties, and repeat exposure of tenants to the court system. In 1983--2022, the ten most active plaintiff attorneys handled an average of 82.0% of represented plaintiff-side cases, compared with 14.7% for the ten most active plaintiffs.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the observed docket patterns reflect organized legal infrastructure rather than artifacts of recording practices, unmeasured selection into the court system, or simple correlation without upstream causation.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Philadelphia eviction filings are dominated by a concentrated plaintiff bar (top 10 attorneys handle 82% of represented cases) and repeat addresses (50.6% have a prior filing within one year).","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Eviction in Philadelphia is organized upstream by a concentrated plaintiff-side legal infrastructure of dominant attorneys and repeat property filings.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"a234a8225c66b1a79f289f1cf9d8ae0be974e28fef6a723d46938c10e55d2721"},"source":{"id":"2604.21212","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":"0046dc88-4da2-4311-805a-d63e18b41e78","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-12T01:46:24.735946Z","strongest_claim":"eviction is organized upstream by a concentrated plaintiff-side bar, durable plaintiff--attorney dependence, repeated use of the same properties, and repeat exposure of tenants to the court system. In 1983--2022, the ten most active plaintiff attorneys handled an average of 82.0% of represented plaintiff-side cases, compared with 14.7% for the ten most active plaintiffs.","one_line_summary":"Philadelphia eviction filings are dominated by a concentrated plaintiff bar (top 10 attorneys handle 82% of represented cases) and repeat addresses (50.6% have a prior filing within one year).","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the observed docket patterns reflect organized legal infrastructure rather than artifacts of recording practices, unmeasured selection into the court system, or simple correlation without upstream causation.","pith_extraction_headline":"Eviction in Philadelphia is organized upstream by a concentrated plaintiff-side legal infrastructure of dominant attorneys and repeat property filings."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.21212/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-20T01:14:52.940085Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"d4bd21ceacaab7d9723a4bf00ea68b8f49327b5266b77b619f00c1c3cd216c56"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}