{"paper":{"title":"Emergence of macroscopic temperatures in systems that are not thermodynamical microscopically: towards a thermodynamical description of slow granular rheology","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["chao-dyn","nlin.CD"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Jorge Kurchan (P.M.M.H. Ecole Sup\\'erieure de Physique et Chimie Industrielles)","submitted_at":"1999-09-21T13:28:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"A scenario for systems with slow dynamics is characterised by stating that there are several temperatures coexisting in the sample, with a single temperature shared by all observables at each (widely separate) time-scale.\n In preparation for the study of granular rheology, we show within this framework that glassy systems with driving and friction that are generic and do not correspond to a thermal bath --- and whose microscopic `fast' motion is hence not thermal --- have a well-defined macroscopic temperature associated to the slow degrees of freedom.\n  This temperature is what a thermometer "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"cond-mat/9909306","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}