{"paper":{"title":"Can the present be the average of the future?","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Quantum probabilities arise by averaging deterministic measurement assignments over all possible backward-evolving future states.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Z. Gedik","submitted_at":"2026-04-13T19:00:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"We introduce a two state vector formalism of quantum mechanics by generalizing Bell hidden variable model to higher dimensions and by attributing a physical significance, a state evolving backward in time, to the hidden variable. A simple deterministic and time symmetric rule for measurement outcomes allows us to obtain the Born rule. It turns out that probabilistic outcomes can be derived from a deterministic assignment and averaging over future states that propagate backward to the present. The assignment rule provides an alternative statement and demonstration of the Pusey, Barrett, Rudolph"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"probabilistic outcomes can be derived from a deterministic assignment and averaging over all possible future states traveling backward in time. The assignment rule provides an alternative statement and demonstration of the Pusey, Barrett, Rudolph theorem.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the hidden variable can be given physical significance as a backward-evolving state and that the proposed deterministic time-symmetric rule for measurement outcomes, when averaged, exactly reproduces the Born rule without additional fitting or post-hoc choices.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"The present quantum state is the average of all possible future states traveling backward in time, from which the Born rule follows deterministically.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Quantum probabilities arise by averaging deterministic measurement assignments over all possible backward-evolving future states.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"9672467962aa569bb75da50ef407718e5efc3551d078d1b320821c82ed702e89"},"source":{"id":"2604.11968","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":"b7dc88db-6e0d-417e-bb2f-17f4838e7808","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-10T15:31:16.198503Z","strongest_claim":"probabilistic outcomes can be derived from a deterministic assignment and averaging over all possible future states traveling backward in time. The assignment rule provides an alternative statement and demonstration of the Pusey, Barrett, Rudolph theorem.","one_line_summary":"The present quantum state is the average of all possible future states traveling backward in time, from which the Born rule follows deterministically.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the hidden variable can be given physical significance as a backward-evolving state and that the proposed deterministic time-symmetric rule for measurement outcomes, when averaged, exactly reproduces the Born rule without additional fitting or post-hoc choices.","pith_extraction_headline":"Quantum probabilities arise by averaging deterministic measurement assignments over all possible backward-evolving future states."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2604.11968/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}