{"paper":{"title":"ROA-Based Subharmonic Injection Locking for Oscillator-Based Ising Machines","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"Rotary oscillator array bricks enable stable subharmonic injection locking signals that preserve solution accuracy in oscillator-based Ising machines under PVT variations.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AR","authors_text":"Baris Taskin, Nicholas Sica","submitted_at":"2026-05-18T00:48:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper introduces on-chip integrated rotary traveling wave oscillators (RTWOs) organized into rotary oscillator array (ROA) bricks as an external perturbation to induce subharmonic injection locking (SHIL) in oscillator-based Ising machines (OIMs). The implementation of SHILs on chip is challenging, as the frequency of SHILs must be multiples of the operating frequency of the OIM nodes, with on-chip variations affecting the phase, degrading the SHIL process. This impedes the scaling of OIM implementations, regardless of the topology of Ising nodes, coupling or graph mapping mechanisms. The"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Under PVT variations, distributed ring oscillator-based SHILs fail to perform injection locking while the proposed ROA brick-based SHIL preserves 93% to 97% accuracy (the same accuracy of an ideal SHIL signal) in the OIM solutions of a sample 324-node max-cut problem.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The simulations of the ROA brick topology accurately capture the phase stability and driving strength needed for real on-chip integration without introducing unmodeled coupling or layout parasitics that would degrade the SHIL process (abstract and implied in the PVT variation claims).","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"ROA-based SHIL delivers a stable 2.31 GHz signal under PVT variations and preserves 93-97% solution accuracy on a 324-node max-cut problem in OIMs where ring-oscillator SHIL fails.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Rotary oscillator array bricks enable stable subharmonic injection locking signals that preserve solution accuracy in oscillator-based Ising machines under PVT variations.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"127726798777d41dd3770fd75be879382fa8298a518d86760bf6fcbd71694c9c"},"source":{"id":"2605.17720","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"91fb2e10-970a-42b0-89b6-27d25cdea16d","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T22:18:14.631389Z","strongest_claim":"Under PVT variations, distributed ring oscillator-based SHILs fail to perform injection locking while the proposed ROA brick-based SHIL preserves 93% to 97% accuracy (the same accuracy of an ideal SHIL signal) in the OIM solutions of a sample 324-node max-cut problem.","one_line_summary":"ROA-based SHIL delivers a stable 2.31 GHz signal under PVT variations and preserves 93-97% solution accuracy on a 324-node max-cut problem in OIMs where ring-oscillator SHIL fails.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The simulations of the ROA brick topology accurately capture the phase stability and driving strength needed for real on-chip integration without introducing unmodeled coupling or layout parasitics that would degrade the SHIL process (abstract and implied in the PVT variation claims).","pith_extraction_headline":"Rotary oscillator array bricks enable stable subharmonic injection locking signals that preserve solution accuracy in oscillator-based Ising machines under PVT variations."},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.17720/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[{"name":"doi_title_agreement","ran_at":"2026-05-19T22:31:19.380958Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"doi_compliance","ran_at":"2026-05-19T22:31:01.784027Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"shingle_duplication","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:49:43.467510Z","status":"skipped","version":"0.1.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"citation_quote_validity","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:49:43.296877Z","status":"skipped","version":"0.1.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"ai_meta_artifact","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:33:23.500919Z","status":"skipped","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"cited_work_retraction","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:21:57.520636Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0},{"name":"claim_evidence","ran_at":"2026-05-19T21:21:57.403066Z","status":"completed","version":"1.0.0","findings_count":0}],"snapshot_sha256":"72daba5beed60bc28eea78b6b64c0155740f60f9bc0c045ea525071da9bb05d0"},"references":{"count":39,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2010,"title":"Zhengbing Bian, Fabián A. Chudak, William G. Macready, and Geordie Rose. 2010. The Ising Model : Teaching an Old Problem New Tricks. https://api.semanticscholar. org/CorpusID:15182277","work_id":"2cc3953c-72d8-4488-ad2e-a5d8ca7c946d","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1103/gpg9-3tjj","year":2025,"title":"Burns and Michael C","work_id":"55b4d1a9-f64f-4416-9109-fefb162f91eb","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1038/s41598-024-60316-y","year":2024,"title":"Hüsrev Cılasun, Ziqing Zeng, Ramprasath S, Abhimanyu Kumar, Hao Lo, William Cho, William Moy, Chris H. Kim, Ulya R. Karpuzcu, and Sachin S. Sapatnekar. 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GPU-Accelerated Simulated Oscillator Ising/Potts Machine Solving Combinatorial Optimization Pr","work_id":"5f195f90-f0bb-46e6-8b8a-59e644d1a6d3","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":39,"snapshot_sha256":"9a5274c7cbaaf70bfcf59dea724f8f7f4d74f2e32a37c1cc51936f7d26c75335","internal_anchors":1},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"e8484824a5dc81a8f59b04411e7cc90b26408b268358b0b330c94ee3358f9d25"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}