{"paper":{"title":"The Three-Phase Evolution of the Milky Way","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Ana Bonaca, Charlie Conroy, Hans-Walter Rix, Jiadong Li, Lars Hernquist, Rene Andrae, Rohan P. Naidu, Vadim A. Semenov, Vedant Chandra","submitted_at":"2023-10-19T18:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"We illustrate the formation and evolution of the Milky Way over cosmic time, utilizing a sample of 10 million red giant stars with full chemodynamical information, including metallicities and $\\alpha$-abundances from low-resolution Gaia XP spectra. The evolution of angular momentum as a function of metallicity - a rough proxy for stellar age, particularly for high-[$\\alpha$/Fe] stars - displays three distinct phases: the disordered and chaotic protogalaxy, the kinematically-hot old disk, and the kinematically-cold young disk. The old high-$\\alpha$ disk starts at [Fe/H] $\\approx -1.0$, 'spinnin"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2310.13050","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2310.13050/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}