{"paper":{"title":"Millicharged Scalar Fields, Massive Photons and the Breaking of $SU(3)_{C} \\times U(1)_{\\rm EM}$","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"Jennifer Rittenhouse West","submitted_at":"2017-11-13T11:42:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Under the assumption that the current epoch of the Universe is not special, i.e. is not the final state of a long history of processes in particle physics, the cosmological fate of $SU(3)_C \\times U(1)_{\\rm EM}$ is investigated. Spontaneous symmetry breaking of $U(1)_{\\rm EM}$ at the temperature of the Universe today is carried out. The charged scalar field $\\phi_{\\rm EM}$ which breaks the symmetry is found to be ruled out for the charge of the electron, $q=e$. Scalar fields with millicharges are viable and limits on their masses and charges are found to be $q\\lesssim10^{-3}e$ and $m_{\\phi_{\\r"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.04534","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}