{"paper":{"title":"Sub-Doppler cooling of sodium atoms in gray molasses","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.atom-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.quant-gas","authors_text":"Eleonora Fava, Gabriele Ferrari, Giacomo Colzi, Giacomo Lamporesi, Gianmaria Durastante, Simone Serafini","submitted_at":"2015-12-22T12:33:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report on the realization of sub-Doppler laser cooling of sodium atoms in gray molasses using the D1 optical transition ($3s\\, ^2S_{1/2} \\rightarrow 3p\\, ^2P_{1/2}$) at 589.8 nm. The technique is applied to samples containing $3\\times10^9$ atoms, previously cooled to 350 $\\mu$K in a magneto-optical trap, and it leads to temperatures as low as 9 $\\mu$K and phase-space densities in the range of $10^{-4}$. The capture efficiency of the gray molasses is larger than 2/3, and we observe no density-dependent heating for densities up to $10^{11}$ cm$^{-3}$."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1512.07053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}