{"paper":{"title":"Leading the field: Fortune favors the bold in Thurstonian choice models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.ST","stat.TH"],"primary_cat":"math.PR","authors_text":"Philip B. Stark, Ronald L. Rivest, Steven N. Evans","submitted_at":"2014-09-20T22:59:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"Schools with the highest average student performance are often the smallest schools; localities with the highest rates of some cancers are frequently small and the effects observed in clinical trials are likely to be largest for the smallest numbers of subjects. Informal explanations of this \"small-schools phenomenon\" point to the fact that the sample means of smaller samples have higher variances. But this cannot be a complete explanation: If we draw two samples from a diffuse distribution that is symmetric about some point, then the chance that the smaller sample has larger mean is 50\\%. A p"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1409.5924","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}