{"paper":{"title":"Multi-Agent Systems in Emergency Departments: Validation Study on a ED Digital Twin","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"A hybrid DES-ABM simulation of emergency departments replicates real-world performance under established resource optimization strategies.","cross_cats":["cs.MA"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Dorothea Sauer, Horst K. Hahn, Jessika Kress, Markus Wenzel, Nele Gessler, Tobias Strapatsas","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T11:04:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"Emergency departments (ED) face challenges in patient care and resource management. We propose to explore optimization strategies in a realistic and flexible model and develop a hybrid Discrete Event Simulation (DES) and Agent-Based Model (ABM) simulating highly configurable ED environments. We specifically focus on the validation of the modeling approach. We derive configurations for ED sizes, patient load, and staffing from real-world studies. We then validate the model expressivity by matching its key performance indicators and metrics with their values known from literature. We proceed by "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Comparing the documented real-world outcomes with our model's results demonstrates that the DES-ABM based simulation can effectively replicate real-world ER dynamics under interventions.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That matching key performance indicators with values from the literature is sufficient to validate the model for exploring new interventions, and that configurations derived from real-world studies accurately capture the variability and dynamics of actual emergency departments.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"A hybrid DES-ABM digital twin for emergency departments validated against literature KPIs and extended with a MAS proof-of-concept for autonomous resource strategy exploration.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A hybrid DES-ABM simulation of emergency departments replicates real-world performance under established resource optimization strategies.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"ddb8180f326a907ea8e9ca03df99115d39038c35ae7d3b5b9109b22f110c1ba6"},"source":{"id":"2605.13345","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"57fd8de1-9c07-46ea-80d3-ce20fdf78a0b","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T19:34:42.834936Z","strongest_claim":"Comparing the documented real-world outcomes with our model's results demonstrates that the DES-ABM based simulation can effectively replicate real-world ER dynamics under interventions.","one_line_summary":"A hybrid DES-ABM digital twin for emergency departments validated against literature KPIs and extended with a MAS proof-of-concept for autonomous resource strategy exploration.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That matching key performance indicators with values from the literature is sufficient to validate the model for exploring new interventions, and that configurations derived from real-world studies accurately capture the variability and dynamics of actual emergency departments.","pith_extraction_headline":"A hybrid DES-ABM simulation of emergency departments replicates real-world performance under established resource optimization strategies."},"references":{"count":40,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2002,"title":"[Aikenet al., 2002 ] Linda H. Aiken, Sean P. Clarke, Douglas M. Sloane, Julie Sochalski, and Jeffrey H. Silber. 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