{"paper":{"title":"Reynolds Pressure and Relaxation in a Sheared Granular System","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Jie Ren, Joshua A. Dijksman, Robert P. Behringer","submitted_at":"2012-07-30T20:55:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We describe experiments that probe the evolution of shear jammed states, occurring for packing fractions $\\phi_S \\leq \\phi \\leq \\phi_J$, for frictional granular disks, where above $\\phi_J$ there are no stress-free static states. We use a novel shear apparatus that avoids the formation of inhomogeneities known as shear bands. This fixed $\\phi$ system exhibits coupling between the shear strain, $\\gamma$, and the pressure, $P$, which we characterize by the `Reynolds pressure', and a `Reynolds coefficient', $R(\\phi) = (\\partial ^2 P/\\partial \\gamma ^2)/2$. $R$ depends only on $\\phi$, and diverges "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.7100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}