{"paper":{"title":"On the suitability of ratio variables in data envelopment analysis: An application to education with methodological extensions","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["math.OC"],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Rafael Ben\\'itez, Vicente Coll-Serrano, Vicente J. Bol\\'os, V\\'ictor J. Espa\\~na","submitted_at":"2026-07-19T11:14:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"It is well known that the use of ratio variables is inconsistent with the fundamental assumptions of convex Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). However, in this paper, we establish a general result demonstrating the equivalence between DEA models with ratio variables under variable returns to scale and DEA models with volume (non-ratio) variables under constant returns to scale, provided that all variables are ratio variables sharing a common denominator. This significant result enables the development of a framework for evaluating the efficiency of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.17193","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.17193/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}