{"paper":{"title":"pH sensing properties of flexible, bias-free graphene microelectrodes in complex fluids: from phosphate buffer solution to human serum","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph","physics.med-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.bio-ph","authors_text":"Amey Vrudhula, A. T. Charlie Johnson, Carl H. Naylor, Jacquelyn E. Blum, Jeffery G. Saven, Jinglei Ping, Ramya Vishnubhotla, Zhaoli Gao","submitted_at":"2017-08-30T12:46:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Advances in techniques for monitoring pH in complex fluids could have significant impact on analytical and biomedical applications ranging from water quality assessment to in vivo diagnostics. We developed flexible graphene microelectrodes (GEs) for rapid (< 5 seconds), very low power (femtowatt) detection of the pH of complex biofluids. The method is based on real-time measurement of Faradaic charge transfer between the GE and a solution at zero electrical bias. For an idealized sample of phosphate buffer solution (PBS), the Faradaic current varied monotonically and systematically with the pH"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1710.06913","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}