{"paper":{"title":"Divergent Multi-Version Execution (DME): Canonical Instruction-Trace Fault Detection via Structural Address-Space Decorrelation","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"DME detects faults by comparing address-free instruction traces from independently compiled replicas with different memory layouts.","cross_cats":["cs.SE"],"primary_cat":"cs.PL","authors_text":"Petro Baran Yrievich","submitted_at":"2026-05-12T13:12:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"Traditional redundancy (lockstep, TMR) executes identical binaries with identical memory layouts. A single correlated fault - for example, an arbitrary program counter value or a perturbation delta-PC in all replicas - redirects all replicas along the same incorrect path. The same applies to corruption of data pointers. Both types of faults, regardless of their origin (deliberate tampering, software bug, compilation bug, or physical disturbance), cause silent data corruption and erroneous program execution. This work presents Divergent Multi-Version Execution (DME), a runtime semantic consiste"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"DME is a runtime semantic consistency verifier that detects faults by comparing canonical instruction traces (opcodes, register identifiers, loaded/stored values, results) from independently compiled replicas while discarding layout-dependent addresses.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"Independent compilation produces sufficiently different memory layouts to decorrelate faults while preserving identical semantics so that address-independent traces remain comparable for consistency checking.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"DME detects faults via canonical instruction-trace comparison across semantically equivalent but address-space-diversified program replicas produced by independent compilation.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"DME detects faults by comparing address-free instruction traces from independently compiled replicas with different memory layouts.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"2d4972a95c2ead666dec5fad165bc865b91cdd6363382c8000ba9665efbd97a8"},"source":{"id":"2605.12576","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"83a4a5f6-c6ea-45f2-9f12-8dab6216502f","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T20:34:05.433186Z","strongest_claim":"DME is a runtime semantic consistency verifier that detects faults by comparing canonical instruction traces (opcodes, register identifiers, loaded/stored values, results) from independently compiled replicas while discarding layout-dependent addresses.","one_line_summary":"DME detects faults via canonical instruction-trace comparison across semantically equivalent but address-space-diversified program replicas produced by independent compilation.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"Independent compilation produces sufficiently different memory layouts to decorrelate faults while preserving identical semantics so that address-independent traces remain comparable for consistency checking.","pith_extraction_headline":"DME detects faults by comparing address-free instruction traces from independently compiled replicas with different memory layouts."},"references":{"count":20,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"fetching a canonically equivalent instruction (prob- ability≤C/|S|),","work_id":"29ddb457-80a2-4f2e-ae5d-c1f73aa17165","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2048,"title":"Thus: Pstep ≤ C |S| ·ε","work_id":"a91c920d-1bfa-4286-84db-718f8ce29ab6","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"alignment to the same logical instruction,","work_id":"a426f317-95b9-4772-80e2-2c7d085606c9","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"canonical equivalence,","work_id":"7937822b-f8ec-4b3e-a23e-50300bc3392f","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":null,"title":"Thus, detection follows: Pundetected(k)≤ C |S| ·ε k","work_id":"ea0b4177-4392-4263-b33d-ca8d75d03cc1","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":20,"snapshot_sha256":"fd7e5665b592ad59d4103be6c144a287513ef6efc962c53992f0285a5361953c","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"ee6a6774d37f2b18996a5dad0d7e7bba2319d9941d35291431a9d8847d95e619"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}