{"paper":{"title":"Wi-Fi HaLow (IEEE 802.11ah) for Long-Range Monitoring Links: Point-to-Point NLoS/LoS and LoS Mesh Field Characterization","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"Field tests show Wi-Fi HaLow delivers usable throughput up to 814 m in line-of-sight and extends beyond 1 km with fixed relays for monitoring uploads.","cross_cats":["eess.SP"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Chaabane Mankai, Jiajie Xu, Mohamed-Slim Alouini","submitted_at":"2026-05-17T09:41:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Monitoring deployments often require reliable long-range wireless links to intermittently upload sensor logs and short video snapshots. Wi-Fi HaLow (IEEE~802.11ah) is a promising candidate due to sub-1 GHz propagation and bandwidth-flexible PHY modes. This summary paper reports a field characterization organized around three deployment-driven regimes: (i) point-to-point Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) links; (ii) point-to-point Line-of-Sight (LoS) links over several-hundred-meter distances; and (iii) LoS mesh networking with fixed relay nodes for range extension. Using commodity HaLow dongle-class no"},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"The measurements reveal (a) a clear bandwidth-range tradeoff and an NLoS coverage boundary around ~120 m, (b) gradual throughput decay under LoS up to 814 m in single-hop with 0.15 Mbps at the farthest point, and (c) kilometer-class extension under LoS when fixed relays are introduced, reaching 901 m (two fixed relays) and 1110 m (three fixed relays).","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"The specific test environments, interference levels, and commodity HaLow dongle hardware performance are representative of typical real-world long-range monitoring deployments.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"Field tests of Wi-Fi HaLow show NLoS coverage to ~120 m, LoS single-hop to 814 m at 0.15 Mbps, and mesh extension to 1110 m with three relays for video monitoring uploads.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"Field tests show Wi-Fi HaLow delivers usable throughput up to 814 m in line-of-sight and extends beyond 1 km with fixed relays for monitoring uploads.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"8fa2ba2d27f2220928c140d386a0cbe1f19d6921ba153f86997eb4ed96566841"},"source":{"id":"2605.17349","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"d9696b46-88bf-42eb-bf59-f50216cfadf1","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-19T23:10:41.581755Z","strongest_claim":"The measurements reveal (a) a clear bandwidth-range tradeoff and an NLoS coverage boundary around ~120 m, (b) gradual throughput decay under LoS up to 814 m in single-hop with 0.15 Mbps at the farthest point, and (c) kilometer-class extension under LoS when fixed relays are introduced, reaching 901 m (two fixed relays) and 1110 m (three fixed relays).","one_line_summary":"Field tests of Wi-Fi HaLow show NLoS coverage to ~120 m, LoS single-hop to 814 m at 0.15 Mbps, and mesh extension to 1110 m with three relays for video monitoring uploads.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"The specific test environments, interference levels, and commodity HaLow dongle hardware performance are representative of typical real-world long-range monitoring deployments.","pith_extraction_headline":"Field tests show Wi-Fi HaLow delivers usable throughput up to 814 m in line-of-sight and extends beyond 1 km with fixed relays for monitoring 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