{"paper":{"title":"Inter-Scale Information Flow as a Surrogate for Downward Causation That Maintains Spiral Waves","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"nlin.PS","authors_text":"Hiroshi Ashikaga, Ryan G. James","submitted_at":"2017-11-28T05:18:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"The mechanism that maintains atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive. One approach to understanding and controlling the mechanism (\"AF driver\") is to quantify inter-scale information flow from macroscopic to microscopic behaviors of the cardiac system as a surrogate for the downward causation of the AF driver. We use a numerical model of a cardiac system with one of the potential AF drivers, a rotor, the rotation center of spiral waves, and generate a renormalization group with system descriptions at multiple scales. We find that transfer entropy accurately quantifies the upward and downward "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1711.10126","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}