{"paper":{"title":"Solid-to-solid phase transition from amorphous carbon to graphite nanocrystal induced by intense femtosecond x-ray pulses","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"A. Graf, C. Bostedt, G. Hoffmann, H. Sinn, H. Vu, J. Bozek, J. Chalupsk\\'y, J. Gaudin, J. Krzywinski, L. Gregoratti, L. Juha, L. Vy\\v{s}\\'in, M. Amati, M. St\\\"ormer, M. Toufarov\\'a, R. A. London, R. Sobierajski, Sh. Dastjani-Farahani, S. Moeller, S.P. Hau-Riege, S. Schorb, T. Burian, Th. Tschentscher, V. H\\'ajkov\\'a, V. Vorl\\'i\\v{c}ek","submitted_at":"2011-11-09T08:49:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the results of an experiment where amorphous carbon was irradiated by femtosecond x-ray free electron laser pulses. The 830 eV laser pulses induce a phase transition in the material which is characterized ex-situ. The phase transition energy threshold is determined by measuring the surface of each irradiated area using an optical Nomarski microscope. The threshold fluence is found to be 282 +/- 11 mJ/cm^2, corresponding to an absorbed dose at the surface of 131 +/-5 meV/atom. Atomic force microscopy measurements show volume expansion of the irradiated sample area, suggesting a solid"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.2134","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}