{"paper":{"title":"Keck Spectroscopy of Redshift z~3 Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Andrew C. Phillips, Caryl Gronwall (UCO/Lick Observatory), David C. Koo, Garth D. Illingworth, James D. Lowenthal, Jesus Gallego, Nicole P. Vogt, Rafael Guzman, S. M. Faber","submitted_at":"1996-12-30T04:02:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"We have obtained spectra with the 10-m Keck telescope of a sample of 24 galaxies having colors consistent with star-forming galaxies at redshifts 2<z<4.5 in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF). Eleven of these galaxies are confirmed to be at high redshift (median z=3.0), one is at z=0.5, and the other 12 have uncertain redshifts but have spectra consistent with their being at z>2. Combined with 5 previously confirmed high-redshift galaxies in the HDF, the 16 confirmed sources yield a comoving volume density of n>2.5^-4 h50^3 Mpc^-3 for q0=0.05, or n>1.2^-3 h50^3 Mpc^-3 for q0=0.5. These densities are "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612239","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}