{"paper":{"title":"Kernels by rainbow paths in arc-colored tournaments","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"math.CO","authors_text":"Binlong Li, Shenggui Zhang, Yandong Bai","submitted_at":"2018-03-11T17:58:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"For an arc-colored digraph $D$, define its {\\em kernel by rainbow paths} to be a set $S$ of vertices such that (i) no two vertices of $S$ are connected by a rainbow path in $D$, and (ii) every vertex outside $S$ can reach $S$ by a rainbow path in $D$. In this paper, we show that it is NP-complete to decide whether an arc-colored tournament has a kernel by rainbow paths, where a {\\em tournament} is an orientation of a complete graph. In addition, we show that every arc-colored $n$-vertex tournament with all its strongly connected $k$-vertex subtournaments, $3\\leq k\\leq n$, colored with at least"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.03998","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}