{"paper":{"title":"Unified Flow Rule of Undeveloped and Fully Developed Dense Granular Flows Down Rough Inclines","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn","physics.geo-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Lu Jing, Thomas P\\\"ahtz, Yanbin Wu, Zhao Duan, Zhiguo He, Zixiao Guo","submitted_at":"2025-01-18T02:19:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report on chute measurements of the free-surface velocity $v$ in dense flows of spheres and diverse sands and spheres-sand mixtures down rough inclines. These and previous measurements are inconsistent with standard flow rules, in which the Froude number $v/\\sqrt{gh}$ scales linearly with $h/h_s$ or $(\\tan\\theta/\\mu_r)^2h/h_s$, where $\\mu_r$ is the dynamic friction coefficient, $h$ the flow thickness, and $h_s(\\theta)$ its smallest value that permits a steady, uniform dense flow state at a given inclination angle $\\theta$. This is because the characteristic length $L$ a flow needs to fully "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.10631","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.10631/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}