{"paper":{"title":"Universal Thermodynamic Topological Classes of BTZ Black Holes in Einstein and F(R) Gravity","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Meng-Yao Zhang, Peng Zhao, Yu-Die Wan, Zheng-Wen Long","submitted_at":"2026-05-26T02:40:12Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this paper, we systematically study three classes of three-dimensional Ba\\~nados-Teitelboim-Zanelli (BTZ) black holes based on different gravitational frameworks and matter field structures: the Einstein-Maxwell BTZ, the F(R)-Maxwell BTZ, and the F(R)-phantom BTZ.Within the canonical and grand canonical ensemble frameworks, we construct the generalized free energy of these black hole systems and systematically analyze the asymptotic behavior of Hawking thermodynamics.The results indicate that both gravitational modifications and matter fields significantly influence black hole topology: the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.26481","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.26481/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}