{"paper":{"title":"Impedance-Based VSC Unit Commitment with STATCOM Support under High IBG Penetration","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"A mixed-integer second-order cone program for unit commitment embeds voltage stability boundaries and synthetic inertia to maintain security and lower costs with high inverter-based generation, with STATCOM adding dispatch gains.","cross_cats":["cs.SY"],"primary_cat":"eess.SY","authors_text":"Aoun Abbas, Charalambos Konstantinou, Zhongda Chu","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T11:14:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"The large-scale replacement of synchronous machines with inverter-based generation (IBG) introduces critical challenges to both voltage and frequency stability. This work builds on a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) framework that co-optimizes unit commitment (UC) model which embeds frequency-nadir constraints through synthetic inertia (SI) dispatch and an SOC voltage stability boundary for IBG buses. The formulation extends by modeling a STATCOM as a reactive-power decision variable in the same MISOCP model. A modified IEEE 30-bus system is used to assess three scheduling "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"Simulation results show that the proposed framework enhances voltage security, maintains frequency-nadir compliance, and reduces operating cost, while STATCOM integration further improves dispatch feasibility under high IBG.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the second-order cone relaxation of the voltage stability boundary remains tight and accurate for the modified IEEE 30-bus system under the chosen high-IBG scenarios and that the 30 MVAr STATCOM placement is representative of practical weak-grid locations.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"An optimization framework co-optimizes unit commitment with synthetic inertia dispatch and STATCOM reactive support to maintain both voltage and frequency stability under high inverter-based generation.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A mixed-integer second-order cone program for unit commitment embeds voltage stability boundaries and synthetic inertia to maintain security and lower costs with high inverter-based generation, with STATCOM adding dispatch gains.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"e63b9d5ef4505b778775725910986c969f94575412c94ce21b64fe1593fb22c4"},"source":{"id":"2605.13355","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"00976632-b6bd-4f1b-b4b6-b04661912a59","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T18:35:31.065646Z","strongest_claim":"Simulation results show that the proposed framework enhances voltage security, maintains frequency-nadir compliance, and reduces operating cost, while STATCOM integration further improves dispatch feasibility under high IBG.","one_line_summary":"An optimization framework co-optimizes unit commitment with synthetic inertia dispatch and STATCOM reactive support to maintain both voltage and frequency stability under high inverter-based generation.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the second-order cone relaxation of the voltage stability boundary remains tight and accurate for the modified IEEE 30-bus system under the chosen high-IBG scenarios and that the 30 MVAr STATCOM placement is representative of practical weak-grid locations.","pith_extraction_headline":"A mixed-integer second-order cone program for unit commitment embeds voltage stability boundaries and synthetic inertia to maintain security and lower costs with high inverter-based generation, with STATCOM adding dispatch gains."},"references":{"count":19,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2018,"title":"F. Milano, F. Dörfler, G. Hug, D. J. Hill, G. Verbič, Foundations and challenges of low-inertia systems (invited paper), in: 2018 Power Sys- tems Computation Conference (PSCC), 2018, pp. 1–25.doi:10.2","work_id":"efcee4db-40a6-4bc6-ade5-c1b14c089bd6","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1016/j.rser","year":2016,"title":"J. Modarresi, E. Gholipour, A. Khodabakhshian, A comprehensive re- view of the voltage stability indices, Renewable and Sustainable En- ergy Reviews 63 (2016) 1–12.doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser. ","work_id":"cced2ade-45e9-4495-b1df-3faba7f8f485","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1109/tste.2017.2764871","year":2018,"title":"D. Wu, G. Li, M. Javadi, A. M. Malyscheff, M. Hong, J. N. Jiang, As- sessing impact of renewable energy integration on system strength using site-dependent short circuit ratio, IEEE Transactions on Su","work_id":"694415d5-536f-46f2-9c4d-fc2de72024aa","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1109/tpwrs","year":2020,"title":"Z. Chu, U. Markovic, G. Hug, F. Teng, Towards optimal system schedul- ing with synthetic inertia provision from wind turbines, IEEE Transac- tions on Power Systems 35 (5) (2020) 4056–4066.doi:10.1109/","work_id":"0f9657e0-c6bb-4faa-a4ca-e31deb6dac15","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2025,"title":"G. E. Mejia-Ruiz, M. R. A. Paternina, Z. Qu, S. Ahmed, C. Konstanti- nou, Multiple ancillary services provision by optimal control of aggre- gated inverter-based resources, International Journal of El","work_id":"495dea69-305d-449c-be34-cf5e32669e96","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":19,"snapshot_sha256":"d351b652bc74247982af8d0751d72ee9642cada803ab5b50186b0c612de5315c","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"d881e4a703203b5388a86993fe7d306241a949b22790b14f111e38ce06e53acf"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}