{"paper":{"title":"Secondary instability of electromagnetic ion-temperature-gradient modes for zonal flow generation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"Hans Nordman, Johan Anderson, Raghvendra Singh, Rameswar Singh","submitted_at":"2011-04-11T16:53:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"An analytical model for zonal flow generation by toroidal ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) modes, including finite $\\beta$ electromagnetic effects, is derived. The derivation is based on a fluid model for ions and electrons and takes into account both linear and nonlinear $\\beta$ effects. The influence of finite plasma $\\beta$ on the zonal flow growth rate ($\\gamma_{ZF}$) scaling is investigated for typical tokamak plasma parameters. The results show the importance of the zonal flows close to marginal stability where $\\gamma_{ZF}/\\gamma_{ITG}>>1$ is obtained. In this region the parameter $\\gamma"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1104.1995","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"}